Southeast part of Slovakia, called the region of Spiš and Gemer, represents an area where intensive underground activities took place, such as mining and milling of ores, rich of minerals and other resources. Due to the specific geological and tectonic structure, as well as due to presence of various anthropogenic pollutants in the geochemical environment, soil radon levels were found to be elevating. The mortality records for Slovakia supported the significance of to the risk of lung cancer related to environmental exposure such as indoor radon and possible some other industrial fibrous dusts. Mortality due to cancer is the second highest mortality rate in Slovakia. Smoking is the main cause of lung cancers, the next causes of lung cancer are believed to be indoor radon, with an attributable risk of 5-20% of all lung cancers. The weighted arithmetic mean of the radon concentration in the region is 69 Bq.m-3 and the mean effective dose due to radon exposure is 3 mSv per individual within population. The preliminary assessment of the health risk, based on the multiplicative model published by EPA, takes into account both smoking and radon, for affecting the variations of lung cancer rates. The preliminary results of our analysis have shown that 16.5 additional lung cancer deaths care be expected for 100 000 inhabitants of the region of Spiš and Gemer.