Nepal possesses several types of wetland ecosystems of global significance scattered in the mountainous and lowland (Terai) regions. Their national classification is presented. They have tremendous importance in terms of ecological, socioeconomic, recreational and spiritual values. However, natural and anthropogenous factors listed in the paper are creating vast problems threatening wetland ecosystems. Inadequate awareness among concerned stakeholders and weak law enforcement are being accelerated loss of aquatic ecosystems. An overview of selected wetland protection measures is given in the text.