The paper offers the view of the landscape structure development of Veľké Leváre village (SWSlovakia) in three time horizons (year 1842, 1960, and 2008), in the relation with biodiversity ofthe surveyed area as well as butterfly and bird (Aves) taxocoenoses development. From the half ofthe 19th century, when the village used to have the character of agricultural country, the landscapestructure of Veľké Leváre has undergone huge changes. The main changes appeared in the forestvegetation. Oak forests with pine tree additions (with 42% area) have been changed into coniferouscultures during the century. Permanent grasslands that achieve near the 6% of the cadastre areahave experienced the largest surface decrease. Even 94 species of butterflies and 169 bird specieshave been recognized in the monitored model groups of animals. Landscape structure changeshighly affected butterfly and bird taxocoenoses in meadows and forests and in wetland habitats,in the case of birds as well.