The spatial distribution and population dynamics of Haloxylon ammodendron, a xerophytic desert subarbor, were studied in four communities in the southeast of Gurbantunngut desert. Clumped distributions appeared in most seedlings (< 0.5 m), saplings (0.5-1 m). Adults (>1 m) were also clumped in Plot A, B and D, while adults in Plot C showed random distribution. At the population level, a clump distribution was found irrespective of successional status. The class distribution of Haloxylon ammodendron was nearly reverse J-shape in Plot A and C, suggesting that the populations regenerated continuously. Despite of declined class distribution in Plot D, the limit on regeneration was believed to be temporary. The highly disturbed population B still had the potential ability of regeneration. We discussed that different methods should be used for different situations in restoration and management of Haloxylon ammodendron forest.