Changes in the landscape and biodiversity result from the past and current socioecological interactions. Socioecological research must bridge mismatches in various scales: spatial (from local to national), temporal (diffrent time horizons) or disciplinary (number of disciplines) and harmonisation of results of each scale is inevitable to consider suitable and applicable management of the landscape. The Poloniny National Park belongs to the most valuable regions of ecological importance. During the last decades territory came through several political and socioeconomic changes and footprints on the landscape and biodiversity are visible. Traditional forms of individual farming and specifi non-forest landscape structure, consisting of mosaic of meadows, pastures and narrow filds, have been signifiantly changed, impacting also biodiversity of agricultural ecosystems, on the contrary area of forests increased. The landscape research, which has been done in this territory so far, can be considered as the long-term. The most valuable outputs reflct interpretation of changes in comparison of diversity of plant communities and selected invertebrates for the period of 10–15 years. In the long-term perspective, we can summarise that meadows without management for 15–20 years and with advanced overgrowing were less diverse (for plants and invertebrates) than meadows with the regular management. However, this fact is insignifiant in a short-term (e.g. 5 years), respectively the results of zoological research are not apparent. We also concluded that specifi farming management with a suffiient fiancial support is inevitable as for biodiversity maintenance as for integrated landscape protection and sustainable development of the region.