Key challenges in the time of adaptation to climate change are: to achieve good status of the water; disaster risks reduction; regional disparities reduction and stakeholder’s involvement as well. Some interactions of ecosystems are overlooked. For example: functions of the landscape in the distribution of the rainwater and role of vegetation in the dissipation of solar energy in the landscape. There is need for territorial adaptation of the landscape profile due to loosen water storage capacity and huge soil erosion of the water basins. There is opportunity for flood risks reduction from 10 to 80% depending on the scale and volume of landscape adaptation. Water and soil situation should be analysed and solved in the Local Plan of the Integrated Water Resources and Soil Management. The methodology is based on experience and policy development of the Association of Towns and Communities of Slovakia.