High nature value areas are unevenly distributed in Europe, occupy about 15 – 25 % of utilized agricultural land. Most of them are located in peripheral parts of the European Union. Habitats within high nature value areas are typical of biodiversity richness. The main threats of high nature value farmland are intensification of agriculture and land abandonment. To prevent loss of biodiversity is important to preserve these valuable habitats and their conservation. Birds Directive and Habitats Directive are significant for their protection. For preservation of high nature value farmland outside protected areas there are necessary even supporting measures of Common Agricultural Policy. Specific measures under Axis 2 of Rural Development Programme are oriented to improve the environment and landscape. The measures through its specific land management help to maintain these valuable areas in European Union countries. They include areas of extensive agriculture with low inputs. The most important measures are: support of Less Favoured Areas and Agri-environment Payments. The contribution focuses on evaluation of some agronomic characteristics in the Slovak Republic: consumption of fertilizers, manure, pesticides, etc. These indicators and their trends have also an impact on maintanance and protection of high nature value rural landscape and its further development.