In contradiction to the past, urbanization in Slovakia is understood as a complicated social-economical phenomenon proceeding in a concrete natural environment. Slovakia, recently assumed as a rural country, became a developed medium urbanized country. The process of urbanization had besides its positive points also negative ones, e.g. mass migration of inhabitants from the countryside to towns (at present this is a  world-wide trend) and the worsening quality of the environment in town agglomerations. Instead of proclaimed aims of level up the living standard and style of life of population in towns and villages this phenomenon grows in many cases more markedly. Its reason is the decrease of population in the countryside and the overcrowding of housing estates in towns. The consequences of the present urbanistic process are manifested also now in the destroyed settlement structure and population landscape potential. The author suggests some basic measures for the solution of this situation.