In 2019, approximately 62,4 % of the area of agricultural land used in the Slovak Republic was located in vulnerable zones. The control of the fulfillment of the management conditions of the affected subjects in the Slovak Republic is performed by the Central Agricultural Inspection and Agricultural Testing Institute. Nutrients from agriculture, nitrogen and phosphorus are particularly important. In the vulnerable areas in the period 2016 - 2018 was observed an increase in nitrogen consumption in industrial fertilizers by 10 %, and an increase in phosphorus consumption by 15 % compared to the period 2012 - 2015. Despite the fact that in short-term comparisons, the consumption of these nutrients in industrial fertilizers is slightly increasing; compared to 1990, their consumption is currently significantly lower. The average consumption of nitrogen in the Slovak Republic in the period 2016 - 2018 represented 55 % of the consumption of this nutrient in 1990 and the average consumption of phosphorus 14,1 % from 1990. Nitrogen consumption in industrial fertilizers is the most important item in terms of nitrogen inputs and affects the balance surplus of nitrogen in the soil. The OECD indicative limit for nitrogen surplus (expressed by gross balance N), which is 50 kg N.ha-1 of agricultural land, was not exceeded at the national level in the period 2004 - 2017 in the Slovak Republic. Nevertheless, the nitrogen surplus at district or farm level may exceed this limit. Balance excess nitrogen is an indicator of unproductive losses of this nutrient, with only part of this excess being responsible for diffuse groundwater pollution.