Drainage ditches represent an important landscape element in the agricultural landscape with high ecological potential. Drainage habitats of the Danube and Eastern- -Slovak lowland represent important refuges for threatened and protected species in agricultural landscapes, providing a wide spectrum of ecological conditions. We recorded 44 butterfl y species in this area in the years 2016-2019, 16 ecological specialists in Eastern- -Slovak lowland and only 3 ecological specialists in Danube lowland. Most of the species are characteristic for wet non-forest biotopes such as alluvial meadows or swamps. Typical hygrophilous species for this area are Lycaena dispar, Lycaena alciphron or Heteropterus morpheus. However, butterfl y species characteristic for preserved fl oodplain forests also occur in this area. These include, for example: Nymphalis xanthomelas or Apatura ilia. We found here also species characteristic for dry and warm habitats which occur on drier fl owery banks of drainage ditches. Characteristic for these biotopes are rare and endangered species Zerynthia polyxena, Melitaea phoebe and Glaucopsyche alexis. The ditches are also important migratory corridors in this region. They provide good connectivity in agricultural landscape.