Short rotation coppice (SRC) on the agricultural land is a sole commercially-cultivated energy crop in the European Union at the present. In the Czech Republic a research of SRC started in 1993. The first plantations were founded in 2000, and they are supported by subsidies and indirectly also by feed-in tariffs for the electricity from biomass. To reach a share of 15 % on primary energy production from renewable energy by year 2030 it is necessary to grow SRC on an area of 65 thousands hectares. For comparison, at present the area of SRF equals approximately to 100 ha and is increasing slowly due to specific legislative, administrative and information barriers. Study of experimental and partly productive SRC proved their positive influence on the neighbouring landscape and environment. They render also non productive functions, depending on the mode of cultivation.