Sustainable development cannot be achieved without sustainable use of the world’s biological diversity. It was recognized by international community, when the Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted and opened to signing at the UN Rio Conference on Environment and Development. The Convention is a principal global instrument relevant to achieving goals set up in chapter 15 of Agenda 21. But the provisions of the Convention are of the utmost relevance to planning and management of land resources, combating deforestration, managing fragile ecosystems, promoting sustainable agriculture and rural development and consideration of marine and coastal biological diversity. The provisions of the Convention are also relevant to a number of cross-cutting issues such as combating poverty, demographic dynamics and sustainability, integrating environment and development in decision making, environmentally sound management of biotechnology, technology transfer, financial resources and mechanisms, role of major groups, etc. Broad scope of commitments of the Parties of the Convention makes the Convention central to the implementation of the Agenda 21 and provides a legally binding framework for translating its principles into concrete actions.